Country Risk Profiles

Timber

Save your supply chain for quick access to risk data in the future. You will also receive notifications about changes in the risk profile of countries in your supply chain. You will need to create a supply chain for each country of origin that you source from.

Supply chain title

Country of harvest

Transit country (optional)

Download all data excel

List of risk mitigation options

If a risk has been identified for a specific commodity, then that risk will have to be mitigated before sourcing from the country of origin. Addressing a risk can be done by verifying documentation, or it can require onsite field verification. It can also include engaging with local communities. The complexity of such risk mitigation efforts will depend on the risk identified and the country of origin. Below is an overview of recommended actions for mitigating risks. The mitigation measures have been grouped by the types of actions relevant for the respective country. If you want to see each risk listed with the relevant mitigation options, please go to the Risk Overview tab. Please mind that risk mitigation is the responsibility of the purchaser of the product. This requires that the purchaser shall assess if the risk has been adressed.

Document verification

Stakeholder consultation

Field verification

Supply Chain Mapping

Document verification

Collecting and validating relevant documents is a crucial part of identifying and assessing supply chain risks. A critical review of the documents is vital to mitigating risks and understanding their information value. Always be aware of the dangers of fraudulent documentation.

Risk mitigation options

Vente de coupe certificate

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)Community ForestsPrivate forests

Mitigation Option : Verify Vente de coupe certificate

Check that the actual localisation of the forest title is matching the area initially attributed and relating to the planning

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Forest areas are allocated for logging purposes without stakeholders’ consultation

Mitigation Option : Verify Vente de coupe certificate

If applicable. Check that the non-detriment finding does actually grant the logging company a harvesting quota for the year in which the harvesting has taken place; that the annual operating permit or annual logging certificate or Vente de coupe certificate does actually state the species sold and that the volumes have not been exceeded.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : CITES species are harvested without authorisation or in excess of the applicable harvesting/export quotas

Mitigation Option : Verify Vente de coupe certificate (if applicable)

Check that any felled species is indeed provided for logging.

The valid annual operating permit; the logging certificate or the Vente de coupe certificate shall be verified, depending on which document is applicable for the relevant source type.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Species that are banned under the provisions of management and operating documents are harvested

Mitigation Option : Verify Vente de coupe certificate

MARK AS DONE

Risk : False declarations are made on the wood transport documents facilitated by inadequate checks and a high risk of corruption by the officials in charge of the checks

Professional forestry accreditation issued to the applicant

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Professional forestry accreditation issued to the applicant

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The procedures for allocating concessions are not respected, and corrupt practices are used when allocating these titles

Mitigation Option : Verify Professional forestry accreditation issued to the applicant

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Logging is conducted by an operator that is not in possession of a professional forestry accreditation

Title allocation tender notification

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)

Mitigation Option : Verify Title allocation tender notification

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The procedures for allocating concessions are not respected, and corrupt practices are used when allocating these titles

Minutes from the inter-ministerial committee for title allocations meeting

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)

Mitigation Option : Verify Minutes from the inter-ministerial committee for title allocations meeting

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The procedures for allocating concessions are not respected, and corrupt practices are used when allocating these titles

Notification of approval of the title transfer issued by the inter-ministerial committee for title allocations

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)

Mitigation Option : Verify Notification of approval of the title transfer issued by the inter-ministerial committee for title allocations

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The procedures for allocating concessions are not respected, and corrupt practices are used when allocating these titles

Registration to the Commercial register

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)

Mitigation Option : Verify Registration to the Commercial register

Compare the concession attribution date to the registration date.

If registration is subsequent to the concession attribution, enquire with the concession-holder and the Ministry in charge of forests to determine whether any change in shares happened.

If applicable, collect the prior approval from the Ministry in charge of forests.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Change in the shares of a concession-holder without prior approval from the Minister in charge of forests

Agreement concluded between the beneficiary and the Ministry of Forests

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Community Forests

Mitigation Option : Verify Agreement concluded between the beneficiary and the Ministry of Forests

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Lack of valid agreement following the expiry of the provisional agreement (the operator is not formally deemed unfit but is not either granted a definitive agreement)

Mitigation Option : Verify Agreement concluded between the beneficiary and the Ministry of Forests

MARK AS DONE

Risk : There is no valid management agreement for community forests

Results of the forest management inventory

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Community ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : For UFA - verify Results of the forest management inventory

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The preliminary studies required for the preparation of forest management plans or simplified management programmes are conducted and validated despite not meeting the established standard

Mitigation Option : Verify Results of the forest management inventory

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Logging operations are conducted in absence of a harvesting inventory

Notifications approving the works carried out during the forest management plan preparation phase (sampling plan, clearing of initial tracks, forest map, inventories, inventory report);

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Community ForestsPrivate forests

Mitigation Option : For UFA - Verify Notifications approving the works carried out during the forest management plan preparation phase (sampling plan, clearing of initial tracks, forest map, inventories, inventory report);

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The preliminary studies required for the preparation of forest management plans or simplified management programmes are conducted and validated despite not meeting the established standard

Report from the competent sub-prefecture on the local population consultation procedures

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Community ForestsPrivate forests

Mitigation Option : For UFA - verify Report from the competent sub-prefecture on the local population consultation procedures

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The preliminary studies required for the preparation of forest management plans or simplified management programmes are conducted and validated despite not meeting the established standard

Forest management plan approval committee meeting minutes

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Community ForestsPrivate forests

Mitigation Option : For UFA - verify Forest management plan approval committee meeting minutes

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The preliminary studies required for the preparation of forest management plans or simplified management programmes are conducted and validated despite not meeting the established standard

Preliminary studies conducted for the drawing of the simplified management programme

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Community ForestsPrivate forests

Mitigation Option : For Community forests and Private forests - verify Preliminary studies conducted for the drawing of the simplified management programme

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The preliminary studies required for the preparation of forest management plans or simplified management programmes are conducted and validated despite not meeting the established standard

Simplified management programme

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Community ForestsPrivate forestsCouncil forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : For Community forests and Private forests - verify Simplified management programme

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The preliminary studies required for the preparation of forest management plans or simplified management programmes are conducted and validated despite not meeting the established standard

Mitigation Option : Verify Simplified management programme

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Logging activities are conducted in the absence of a forest management plan or simplified management programme

Mitigation Option : Verify Simplified management programme

For Community forest and Private forest - read the simplified management programme and check that their provisions are implemented

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The management provisions are not implemented or are only partially implemented

Mitigation Option : Verify Simplified management programme (if applicable)

Check that any felled species is indeed provided for logging.

Check either the Forest manangement plan or the Simplified managment programme, depending on which is required for the relevant source type

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Species that are banned under the provisions of management and operating documents are harvested

Provisional Operating Agreement

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forests

Mitigation Option : Verify Provisional Operating Agreement

Check that the 3 years deadline (36 months) has not been exceeded

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Logging activities are conducted in the absence of a forest management plan or simplified management programme

Forest management plan and its approval notice

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Forest management plan and its approval notice

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Logging activities are conducted in the absence of a forest management plan or simplified management programme

Mitigation Option : Verify Forest management plan and its approval notice

Check the date of the latest version of the current forest management plan. If the initial forest management plan has been modified, collect the prior approval from the management plan approval committee

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The Ministry of Forests approves changes to the forest management plan without seeking the opinion of the forest management plan approval committee

Mitigation Option : For UFA - verify Forest management plan and its approval notice

Check that the provisions of the annual operations plan are in conformity with those of the management plan and the five-year management programme. In particular, check that the rotation order of the five-year blocks and annual cuttings provided for in the Management Plan is respected. Check that the provisions of the management plan, the five-year management programme and the annual operations plan are implemented

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The management provisions are not implemented or are only partially implemented

Mitigation Option : Verify Forest management plan and its approval notice

Depending on cases and if applicable, the forest management plan or the simplified management programme.

Check the presence of protection/conservation/research areas within the forest and/or species to be protected (list of species excluded from logging).

For harvesting in conservation or research areas, if applicable: obtain the documents/protocols/data relating to the research in the forest areas.

For forest not under a forest management plan or simplified management programme, any document attesting to the prior identification of sites / species to be protected.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The areas and species to be protected are not identified during the management phase

Mitigation Option : Verify Forest management plan and its approval notice

Check the presence of protection/conservation/research areas within the forest and/or species to be protected (list of species excluded from logging).

For harvesting in conservation or research areas, if applicable: obtain the documents/protocols/data relating to the research in the forest areas.

For forest not under a forest management plan or simplified management programme, any document attesting to the prior identification of sites / species to be protected

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Harvesting is conducted in protected areas

Mitigation Option : Verify Forest management plan (if applicable)

Check that any felled species is indeed allowed to log.

Check either the Forest manangement plan or the Simplified managment programme, depending on which is required for the relevant source type

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Species that are banned under the provisions of management and operating documents are harvested

Mitigation Option : Verify Forest management plan and its approval notice

Check the forest management plan or simplified management programme depending on the case

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The local communities are not informed or consulted before forest titles are exploited and/or before the zoning operations are completed during the forest management plan / programme preparation phase

Decree classifying an area of national forests into the permanent forest domain

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)

Mitigation Option : Verify Decree classifying an area of national forests into the permanent forest domain

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Concessions are allocated, despite not having been classified in the permanent forest domain

Minutes from the information meeting prior to the start of logging activities

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)Community ForestsPrivate forests

Mitigation Option : Verify Minutes from the information meeting prior to the start of logging activities

Check that the actual localisation of the forest title is matching the area initially attributed and relating to the procedures to classify land

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Forest areas are allocated for logging purposes without stakeholders’ consultation

Mitigation Option : Verify Minutes from the information meeting prior to the start of logging activities

MARK AS DONE

Five-year management programme

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Community ForestsPrivate forests

Mitigation Option : Verify Five-year management programme

Check that it is approved

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Logging activities are conducted without a five-year management programme and an annual operation plan

Mitigation Option : For UFA - verify Five-year management programme

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The management provisions are not implemented or are only partially implemented

Vente de coupe planning document (DPVC)

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Vente de coupe planning document (DPVC)

Check both the planning document drawn up by the forest administration and the planning notice issued to the public enabling communities owning rights over these areas and wanting to erect a community forest to exercise their right of pre-emption.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Forest areas are allocated for logging purposes without stakeholders’ consultation

Annual operations plan

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Community ForestsPrivate forests

Mitigation Option : Verify Annual operations plan

Check that it is approved

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Logging activities are conducted without a five-year management programme and an annual operation plan

Mitigation Option : Verify Annual operations plan

Check that it has been notified to the forest administration.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Logging activities are conducted without an annual operations plan having been drawn up or validated

Mitigation Option : Verify Annual operations plan

For UFA - check that the provisions of the annual operations plan are in conformity with those of the management plan and the five-year management programme. In particular, check that the rotation order of the five-year blocks and annual cuttings provided for in the Management Plan is respected. Check that the provisions of the management plan, the five-year management programme and the annual operations plan are implemented.

For Community forest - read the simplified management programme and the annual operations plan and check that their provisions are implemented.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The management provisions are not implemented or are only partially implemented

List of valid titles issued by the Ministry of Forests

Source Types:Council forestsCommunity ForestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify List of valid titles issued by the Ministry of Forests

Documents relating to the involvement of the committee for title allocations. Check elements concerning its composition, meeting dates, elements taken into account, etc. For Vente de coupe permits, check elements relating to the tendering process.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Permits/authorisations are issued or supporting documents are submitted prior to the permit/authorisation being issued in breach of the allocation procedure

Certificate of conformity of inventory works

Source Types:Council forestsCommunity ForestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Certificate of conformity of inventory works

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Permits/authorisations are issued or supporting documents are submitted prior to the permit/authorisation being issued in breach of the allocation procedure

Waybill for timber transport

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Waybill

Cross-check the volumes on the site log books and/or waybills with the volumes authorised by the current annual operating permit or Vente de coupe certificate or logging certificate or the applicable title/authorisation

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The number of trees and volumes authorised by the permit / authorisation is exceeded

Mitigation Option : Verify Waybill

Check that logging activities did not start prior to its approval (for instance by cross-checking site log books and waybills).

MARK AS DONE

Risk : No annual logging authorisation exits or logging operations are commenced before it is issued

Mitigation Option : Verify Waybill

Ensure that traceability is maintained between specific trees and the final product or, at the minimum, that volumes indicated on harvest, trade and transport documents are sufficient to cover the product.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Felling operations are conducted in national parks or wildlife reserves

Mitigation Option : Check the waybills for the transportation of logs and processed wood (samples)

Check the following points: that the information presented on the various transport documents for logs and sawn timber is coherent; that the species stated in the export/export sale documents are the same as those that appear on the transport document; that the species sold are the same as the species declared in the transport and sale documents (conduct a microscopic analysis of the wood if necessary.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : False declarations are made on the wood transport documents facilitated by inadequate checks and a high risk of corruption by the officials in charge of the checks

Mitigation Option : Check the waybills for the transportation of logs and processed wood (samples)

MARK AS DONE

Risk : No waybill exists for wood harvested without a permit

Mitigation Option : Check the waybills for the transportation of logs and processed wood (samples)

Check that the waybills are initialled by the forest administration

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Wood transport documents obtained illegally are used (non-authentic documents, documents not authenticated by the forest authorities, documents belonging to another logging operator, documents used for multiple truckloads, etc.)

Harvesting site

Source Types:National forests (all other forest areas)State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forests

Mitigation Option : Verify Harvesting site

Check geographic information on the initial logging title. Check that the title is clearly delineated on the field and that it has not been relocated

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The title borders are not clearly delineated or the title is unlawfully relocated

Mitigation Option : Verify Harvesting site

Interview workers to check that they benefit from minimum wage.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The minimum wage or wage provided for by the collective bargaining agreement based on workers’ categories is not respected

Mitigation Option : Verify Harvesting site

Interview workers to check that they benefit from minimum wage.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The minimum wage or wage provided for by the collective bargaining agreement based on workers’ categories is not respected is not respected

Annual operating permit

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Community ForestsCouncil forestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : For UFA - verify Annual operating permit

Check that logging activities did not start prior to its approval (for instance by cross-checking site log books and waybills).

MARK AS DONE

Risk : No annual logging authorisation exits or logging operations are commenced before it is issued

Mitigation Option : Verify Annual operating permit

MARK AS DONE

Risk : CITES species are harvested without authorisation or in excess of the applicable harvesting/export quotas

Mitigation Option : Verify Annual operating permit (UFAs) or annual logging certificate (community forests) or Vente de coupe certificate

MARK AS DONE

Risk : False declarations are made on the wood transport documents facilitated by inadequate checks and a high risk of corruption by the officials in charge of the checks

Mitigation Option : Verify Annual operating permit (if applicable)

Check that any felled species is indeed provided for logging.

The valid annual operating permit; the logging certificate or the Vente de coupe certificate shall be verified, depending on which document is applicable for the relevant source type,

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Species that are banned under the provisions of management and operating documents are harvested

Site log books

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Site log books

Check their good standing

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The information kept in the site documents does not comply with the regulations or is false

Mitigation Option : Verify Site log books

Check that logging activities did not start prior to its approval (for instance by cross-checking site log books and waybills).

MARK AS DONE

Risk : No annual logging authorisation exits or logging operations are commenced before it is issued

Mitigation Option : Verify Site log books

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Felling operations are conducted in national parks or wildlife reserves

Mitigation Option : Verify Site log books

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The number of trees and volumes authorised by the permit / authorisation is exceeded

Mitigation Option : Verify Site log books

Check that the non-detriment finding does actually grant the logging company a harvesting quota for the year in which the harvesting has taken place; that the annual operating permit or annual logging certificate or Vente de coupe certificate does actually state the species sold and that the volumes have not been exceeded.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : CITES species are harvested without authorisation or in excess of the applicable harvesting/export quotas

Mitigation Option : Verify Site log books

MARK AS DONE

Risk : False declarations are made on the wood transport documents facilitated by inadequate checks and a high risk of corruption by the officials in charge of the checks

Annual logging certificate

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Community ForestsCouncil forestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Annual logging certificate

Check that logging activities did not start prior to its approval (for instance by cross-checking site log books and waybills).

MARK AS DONE

Risk : No annual logging authorisation exits or logging operations are commenced before it is issued

Mitigation Option : Verify Annual logging certificate

MARK AS DONE

Risk : CITES species are harvested without authorisation or in excess of the applicable harvesting/export quotas

Mitigation Option : Verify Annual Logging Certificate (community forests)

MARK AS DONE

Risk : False declarations are made on the wood transport documents facilitated by inadequate checks and a high risk of corruption by the officials in charge of the checks

Title specifications

Source Types:Council forestsCommunity ForestsNational forests (all other forest areas)State (production) Forests (UFA)Private forests

Mitigation Option : Verify Title specifications

Check that provisions are complied with.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The specifications for logging (or the development project if applicable) are not respected, with no consequences on the renewal of the existing permit or allocation of a new permit

Mitigation Option : Verify Title specifications

Compare the title attribution date with dates recorded on site log books and waybills

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Permits are exploited beyond the regulatory period, particularly for vente de coupe permits that have a strict regulatory 3-year limit

Mitigation Option : Verify Title specifications

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The provisions of the specifications of the logging title relating to local communities (social obligations) are not complied with

Documents relating to the development project in question attesting to its effective implementation

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Documents relating to the development project in question attesting to its effective implementation

Check that there are no new felling operations, e.g. by checking dates on site/wood transport documents, by asking local people for information

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Permits are used fraudulently

Certificate of deposit

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)

Mitigation Option : Verify Bank guarantee certificate of deposit

MARK AS DONE

Risk : False guarantees are produced when submitting tender files

Debt clearance certificate issued by the competent authorities

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Debt clearance certificate issued by the competent authorities

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Felling tax is not paid within prescribed deadlines

Mitigation Option : Verify Debt clearance certificate issued by the tax authorities.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Transactions do not comply with trade regulations

Proof of payment

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Proof of payment

Proof of payment (quittance) of all forest taxes for the current and previous year:

Operating agreements and vente de coupe permits: RFA and felling tax, as well as transfer and abandonment tax if a transfer has taken place;

AEBs, ARBs, logging permits, personal logging licences: sale price.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Felling tax is not paid within prescribed deadlines

Mitigation Option : Verify Proof of payment

Collect proof of payment and documents relating to the management of the percentage of the RFA or felling tax reserved for the local community (local management committee).

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Local communities do not receive the percentage of the Annual Forestry Royalty (RFA) they are owed, or the funds allocated to local communities are embezzled

Invoices from the supply chain

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Invoices from the supply chain

Check that VAT is included and that withholding tax on wood purchases is included for logs and sawn timber.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Transactions do not comply with trade regulations

Receipt of payment of corporate income tax

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Receipt of payment of corporate income tax

If possible, also check the logging company or processing company’s balance sheet

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Fraudulent declarations are made regarding income and profits to reduce the amount of taxes payable

Environmental and Social Management Plan

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Environmental and Social Management Plan

If applicable, a follow-up report from the administration on the implementation of the environmental and social management plan.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : No environmental impact assessments are carried out (EIA)

Mitigation Option : Verify Environmental and Social Management Plan

If applicable, a follow-up report from the administration on the implementation of the environmental and social management plan.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The environmental and social management plans arising from the EIAs are not implemented

Mitigation Option : Verify Environmental and Social Management Plan

If applicable, also check a follow-up report from the administration on the implementation of the environmental and social management plan.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : No environmental and social impact assessments are carried out (ESIA)

Mitigation Option : Verify Environmental and Social Management Plan

If applicable, also check a follow-up report from the administration on the implementation of the environmental and social management plan.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The environmental and social management plans arising from the ESIAs are not implemented

Impact assessment report

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Environment Impact assessment report

MARK AS DONE

Risk : No environmental impact assessments are carried out (EIA)

Mitigation Option : Verify Environment Impact assessment report

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The environmental and social management plans arising from the EIAs are not implemented

Mitigation Option : Verify Environment Impact assessment report

MARK AS DONE

Risk : No environmental and social impact assessments are carried out (ESIA)

Mitigation Option : Verify Environment Impact assessment report

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The environmental and social management plans arising from the ESIAs are not implemented

Document providing proof that workers are registered with the CNPS

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Document providing proof that workers are registered with the CNPS

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Regulatory provisions related to health and safety (illness or accidents) are not implemented

Mitigation Option : Verify Document providing proof that workers are registered with the CNPS

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Workers are not declared to the National Social Insurance Fund (CNPS), accidents at work are not declared and workers are not provided with the appropriate care in the event of an accident or illness

Certificate delivered by CNPS

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Certificate delivered by CNPS

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Regulatory provisions related to health and safety (illness or accidents) are not implemented

Mitigation Option : Verify Certificate delivered by CNPS

MARK AS DONE

Documents indicating the existence of a dedicated occupational health service

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Documents indicating the existence of a dedicated occupational health service

Declaration of an infirmary to the administration, partnership contract with a health centre, nurse employment contract, contract with a doctor specialising in occupational health, etc.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Regulatory provisions related to occupational health are not implemented (available medical service, annual medical check-ups, available personal protective equipment, available first aid kits, decent accommodation in forest camps, etc.)

Mitigation Option : Verify Documents indicating the existence of a dedicated occupational health service

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The regulatory provisions related to occupational health are not implemented in processing sector.

Reports of medical check-ups conducted annually or upon recruitment

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Reports of medical check-ups conducted annually or upon recruitment

MARK AS DONE

Mitigation Option : Verify Reports of medical check-ups conducted annually or upon recruitment

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The regulatory provisions related to occupational health are not implemented in processing sector.

Document indicating that personal protective equipment for workers has been provided

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Document indicating that personal protective equipment for workers has been provided

MARK AS DONE

Mitigation Option : Verify Document indicating that personal protective equipment for workers has been provided

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The regulatory provisions related to occupational health are not implemented in processing sector.

Declaration of establishment to the labour administration

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Declaration of establishment to the labour administration

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Employment contracts are not registered with the labour administration

Mitigation Option : Verify Declaration of establishment to the labour administration

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Employment contracts are not registered with the labour administration

Proof that workers are registered with the National Social Security Fund (CNPS)

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Proof that workers are registered with the National Social Security Fund (CNPS)

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Employment contracts are not registered with the labour administration

Mitigation Option : Verify Proof that workers are registered with the National Social Security Fund (CNPS)

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Employment contracts are not registered with the labour administration

Employment contracts

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Employment contracts

A sample of employment contracts and/or proof of declaration of the contract with the labour administration

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Employment contracts are not registered with the labour administration

Mitigation Option : Verify Employment contracts

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Employment contracts are not registered with the labour administration

Workers payslips

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Workers payslips

Check that the wage is not below prescribed minimum wage.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The minimum wage or wage provided for by the collective bargaining agreement based on workers’ categories is not respected

Mitigation Option : Verify Workers payslips

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The minimum wage or wage provided for by the collective bargaining agreement based on workers’ categories is not respected is not respected

Export declaration

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Export declaration

Check that the documents are duly signed and stamped by the administrative authorities

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Wood is exported without a wood exporter accreditation/the specific export procedures applicable to wood are not respected (for instance wood is exported as other goods)

Mitigation Option : Verify Export declaration

Check that the volumes and species stated on the export declaration are consistent with the imported volumes. Collect any document relating to the log export quota attributed to the exporter

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Fraudulent declarations are made regarding species and quantities on the export documents

Mitigation Option : Verify Export declaration

Check that the species sold are not in the list of species that are banned from being exported in the form of logs. Collect any document relating to the log export quota attributed to the exporter

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Wood is exported unlawfully in logs (species banned from export in the form of logs or in excess of the established quotas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Export declaration

For sawn wood, verify the dimensions stated on the export documents and that the product processing stages are coherent with the final product after export.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Wood is exported that does not comply with the provisions relating to processing (maximum 15 cm thickness for square-edged timber)

Domiciliation of export transactions

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Domiciliation of export transactions

Check that the documents are duly signed and stamped by the administrative authorities

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Wood is exported without a wood exporter accreditation/the specific export procedures applicable to wood are not respected (for instance wood is exported as other goods)

Documents relating to the election of staff representatives

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Documents relating to the election of staff representatives

Minutes from elections and meetings, list of requests (cahier de doléances), etc.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The regulatory work-related provisions (rest days, leave, internal regulations, etc.) are not respected

Mitigation Option : Verify Documents relating to the election of staff representatives

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The regulatory work-related provisions (rest days, leave, internal regulations, etc.) are not respected

Receipt of payement of export taxes

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Receipt of payment of export taxes

Check that the documents are duly signed and stamped by the administrative authorities

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Wood is exported without a wood exporter accreditation/the specific export procedures applicable to wood are not respected (for instance wood is exported as other goods)

Documents that prove that the socio-economic infrastructure provided for has been completed

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Documents that prove that the socio-economic infrastructure provided for has been completed

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The provisions of the specifications of the logging title relating to local communities (social obligations) are not complied with

Non-detriment finding published by the scientific authority for the harvesting year

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Non-detriment finding published by the scientific authority for the harvesting year

MARK AS DONE

Risk : CITES species are harvested without authorisation or in excess of the applicable harvesting/export quotas

Documents that prove that the forest-farmer committee is up and running

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forests

Mitigation Option : Verify Documents that prove that the forest-farmer committee is up and running

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Local communities do not participate in the management of the permanent forest domain (UFAs, council forests), and in particular that no functioning Forest-Farmer Committee is in place

Local and neighbouring communities

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)

Mitigation Option : Consult local communities access to the forest on the exercise of their users’ rights.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The user rights in force are not respected and/or local communities are unlawfully banned from accessing the forest

CITES export licence

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify CITES permit

MARK AS DONE

Risk : CITES species are harvested without authorisation or in excess of the applicable harvesting/export quotas

Authorisation or declaration as classified hazardous establishment

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option :

MARK AS DONE

Risk : There is no authorisation or declaration as classified hazardous establishment, depending on cases

Export purchase invoice

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Export purchase invoice

Check that the prices stated on the export invoices correspond to international market prices (see FOB values for example on the ITTO website); check that the importer purchasing the wood products originating from Cameroon does not own subsidiaries in Cameroon

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Unlawful transfer pricing practices are used via subsidiaries based abroad in order to minimise profits made in Cameroon

Sawn wood or log exporter accreditation

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Sawn wood or log exporter accreditation

Check that the documents are duly signed and stamped by the administrative authorities

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Wood is exported without a wood exporter accreditation/the specific export procedures applicable to wood are not respected (for instance wood is exported as other goods)

Phytosanitary certificate

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Verify Phytosanitary certificate

Check that the documents are duly signed and stamped by the administrative authorities

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Wood is exported without a wood exporter accreditation/the specific export procedures applicable to wood are not respected (for instance wood is exported as other goods)

Stakeholder consultation

Stakeholder consultations can vary significantly in scope. It can range from consultation with indigenous peoples and local communities to have a single question raised with authorities in the sourcing country. The first step in any public consultation is to identify the relevant stakeholders. This requires first-hand knowledge of the communities and languages spoken. Always document the undertaking of a consultation process for future reference.

Risk mitigation options

Local and neighbouring communities

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Consult Local and neighbouring communities

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Local communities who lose some of their rights over the areas allocated to private stakeholders (classification process or development projects) do not receive compensation

Mitigation Option : Consult Local and neighbouring communities

Get in touch to obtain information on the concession attribution

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The procedures for allocating concessions are not respected, and corrupt practices are used when allocating these titles

Mitigation Option : Consult Local and neighbouring communities

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Forest areas are allocated for logging purposes without following the regulatory procedures / land use conflicts between forestry titles and other titles or rights

Mitigation Option : Consult Local and neighbouring communities

Consult to verify that there is no conflict around harvesting on or of sacred/protected sites and species

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The areas and species to be protected are not identified during the management phase

Mitigation Option : Consult Local and neighbouring communities

Consult to verify that there is no conflict around harvesting on or of sacred/protected sites and species

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Harvesting is conducted in protected areas

Independent monitor

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsNational forests (all other forest areas)Private forests

Mitigation Option : Consult Independent monitor

Get in touch to obtain information on the concession attribution

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The procedures for allocating concessions are not respected, and corrupt practices are used when allocating these titles

Mitigation Option : Consult Independent monitor

Obtain information on the issuance of the title

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Permits/authorisations are issued or supporting documents are submitted prior to the permit/authorisation being issued in breach of the allocation procedure

Mitigation Option : Consult Independent monitor

Consult to verify that there is no conflict around harvesting on or of sacred/protected sites and species

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The areas and species to be protected are not identified during the management phase

Mitigation Option : Consult Independent monitor

Consult to obtain information on the title renewal / the issuance of new title to the operator

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The specifications for logging (or the development project if applicable) are not respected, with no consequences on the renewal of the existing permit or allocation of a new permit

Mitigation Option : Consult Independent monitor

Consult to verify that there is no conflict around harvesting on or of sacred/protected sites and species

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Harvesting is conducted in protected areas

Mitigation Option : Consult Independent monitor

If necessary consult independent monitor for advanced checks into traceability from the logging site.

MARK AS DONE

Civil society organisations (WWF, FODER, RELUFA, CED, etc.)

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Consult Civil society organisations (WWF, FODER, RELUFA, CED, etc.)

Get in touch to obtain information on the concession attribution

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The procedures for allocating concessions are not respected, and corrupt practices are used when allocating these titles

Mitigation Option : Consult Civil society organisations (WWF, FODER, RELUFA, CED, etc.)

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Forest areas are allocated for logging purposes without following the regulatory procedures / land use conflicts between forestry titles and other titles or rights

Mitigation Option : Consult Civil society organisations (WWF, FODER, RELUFA, CED, etc.)

Obtain information on the issuance of the title

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Permits/authorisations are issued or supporting documents are submitted prior to the permit/authorisation being issued in breach of the allocation procedure

Mitigation Option : Consult Civil society organisations (WWF, FODER, RELUFA, CED, etc.)

Consult to verify that there is no conflict around harvesting on or of sacred/protected sites and species

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The areas and species to be protected are not identified during the management phase

Mitigation Option : Consult Civil society organisations (WWF, FODER, RELUFA, CED, etc.)

Consult to obtain information on the title renewal / the issuance of new title to the operator.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The specifications for logging (or the development project if applicable) are not respected, with no consequences on the renewal of the existing permit or allocation of a new permit

Mitigation Option : Consult Civil society organisations (WWF, FODER, RELUFA, CED, etc.)

Consult to verify that there is no conflict around harvesting on or of sacred/protected sites and species

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Harvesting is conducted in protected areas

Mitigation Option : Consult Civil society organisations (WWF, FODER, RELUFA, CED, etc.)

If necessary consult civil society for advanced checks into traceability from the logging site.

MARK AS DONE

Local forestry experts

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsNational forests (all other forest areas)Private forests

Mitigation Option : Consult Local forestry experts

Get in touch to obtain information on the concession attribution

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The procedures for allocating concessions are not respected, and corrupt practices are used when allocating these titles

Mitigation Option : Consult Local forestry experts

Obtain information on the issuance of the title

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Permits/authorisations are issued or supporting documents are submitted prior to the permit/authorisation being issued in breach of the allocation procedure

Mitigation Option : Consult Local forestry experts

Consult to obtain information on the title renewal / the issuance of new title to the operator.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The specifications for logging (or the development project if applicable) are not respected, with no consequences on the renewal of the existing permit or allocation of a new permit

Mitigation Option : Consult Local forestry experts

If necessary consult forest experts for advanced checks into traceability from the logging site.

MARK AS DONE

Forest Atlas of Cameroon

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Consult Forest Atlas of Cameroon

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Forest areas are allocated for logging purposes without following the regulatory procedures / land use conflicts between forestry titles and other titles or rights

MINFOF mapping service

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Consult MINFOF mapping service

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Forest areas are allocated for logging purposes without following the regulatory procedures / land use conflicts between forestry titles and other titles or rights

Departments within the Ministry of State Property, Surveys and Land Tenure (MINDCAF

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Consult Departments within the Ministry of State Property, Surveys and Land Tenure (MINDCAF)

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Forest areas are allocated for logging purposes without following the regulatory procedures / land use conflicts between forestry titles and other titles or rights

Directorate General of Taxes

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Consult Directorate General of Taxes

Obtain confirmation that all taxes on income and profits have been paid.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Fraudulent declarations are made regarding income and profits to reduce the amount of taxes payable

Mitigation Option : Consult Directorate General of Taxes

Consult the tax administration to confirm that the company has communicated all documents and information required by the law on transfer prices

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Unlawful transfer pricing practices are used via subsidiaries based abroad in order to minimise profits made in Cameroon

SGS

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Contact SGS

Request their inspection report, if available.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The procedures applicable to wood exports checks are not respected or the checks carried out are not effective

Forest authorities

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Consult Forest authorities

Consult the forest authorities so that they can confirm the authenticity of the waybills used

MARK AS DONE

Field verification

Not all risks can be mitigated unless the actual harvest site and operations are visited by competent staff or consultants able to verify legal compliance of the forest operations. If an onsite verification is needed will depend on the type of risks and the risk level in the country of origin. First-hand knowledge on forest operations and language skills are required to conduct a meaningful onsite verification.

Risk mitigation options

Harvesting site

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Consider evaluating onsite that timber is not mixed with unknown sources. Each point of storage / processing of the timber shall be considered.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Unauthorised harvesting is carried out, either outside of an area designated for logging purposes, or within a forest but by an entity other than the beneficiary

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site to check that the prescribed minimum diameters are respected in relation to the stumps and / or the information on the site log books / waybills.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Minimum diameters are not respected (DME and DMA)

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site to check that the limits of the logging area are respected (annual allowable cuts for State forests (UFAs) and council forests, annual plots for community forests, and logging perimeters for Vente de coupe permits and other permits / authorisations).

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Species are harvested outside of the defined areas

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Check at the felling site and at the sawmill that the marking standards are met.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The applicable rules for marking stumps, logs and blocks are not complied with

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Check that skidding activities, the creation of log yards and the construction of infrastructure (bridges, roads) respect the standards in force.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The applicable rules for operating in forest areas regarding skidding, the construction of roads and infrastructure, and the creation of log yards, etc. are not complied with

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Check on the felling site that wood is not irregularly abandoned

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Wood is irregularly abandoned

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Check that no harvesting is taking place in protection/conservation/research areas

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The areas and species to be protected are not identified during the management phase

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Check that no harvesting is taking place in protection/conservation/research areas

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Harvesting is conducted in protected areas

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Consider evaluating onsite that timber is not mixed with unknown sources. Each point of storage / processing of the timber shall be considered

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Felling operations are conducted in national parks or wildlife reserves

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Conduct field checks on compliance with the rules for operating in forest areas. In particular, verify that no harvesting is carried out on sloping land or near watercourses.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The rules for operating in forest areas are not respected, particularly for the protection of water bodies

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Interview workers to check that they have appropriate care in the event of an accident or illness.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Regulatory provisions related to health and safety (illness or accidents) are not implemented

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site to check that personal protective equipment is available and that decent housing is provided to workers within forest camps

MARK AS DONE

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Interview workers to check that they have an employment contract, a social security booklet, etc. Review those documents.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Employment contracts are not registered with the labour administration

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Interview workers to check that they benefit from rest days and annual leave, are over the minimum legal age, and are being paid within the regulatory time frame, etc.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The regulatory work-related provisions (rest days, leave, internal regulations, etc.) are not respected

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Check that the socio-economic infrastructure is being or has been completed

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The provisions of the specifications of the logging title relating to local communities (social obligations) are not complied with

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

While visiting harvesting site, interview workers to check that they have appropriate care in the event of an accident or illness

MARK AS DONE

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

While visiting Harvesting site, check that personal protective equipment is available and that decent housing is provided to workers within forest camps

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The regulatory provisions related to occupational health are not implemented in processing sector.

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Interview workers to check that they have an employment contract, a social security booklet, etc. Review those documents.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Employment contracts are not registered with the labour administration

Mitigation Option : Visit Harvesting site

Interview workers to check that they benefit from rest days and annual leave, are over the minimum legal age, and are being paid within the regulatory time frame, etc.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The regulatory work-related provisions (rest days, leave, internal regulations, etc.) are not respected

Processing site

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Visit Processing site

Consider evaluating onsite that timber is not mixed with unknown sources. Each point of storage / processing of the timber shall be considered.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Unauthorised harvesting is carried out, either outside of an area designated for logging purposes, or within a forest but by an entity other than the beneficiary

Mitigation Option : Visit processing site

Verify that processing waste and sewage is compliant with the applicable regulations

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The standards for processing waste and sewage are not respected

Local and neighbouring communities

Source Types:National forests (all other forest areas)Community Forests

Mitigation Option : Visit Local and neighbouring communities

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The title borders are not clearly delineated or the title is unlawfully relocated

Mitigation Option : Visit Local and neighbouring communities

Verify the implication of local communities as prescribed by the applicable regulatory framework.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : The forest is managed and logged without any real implication of local communities

Supply Chain Mapping

Risk mitigation options

Supply chain mapping

Source Types:State (production) Forests (UFA)Council forestsCommunity ForestsPrivate forestsNational forests (all other forest areas)

Mitigation Option : Map the full supply chain back to the area of harvest

Collect relevant harvest, trade and transport documents (for instance field log books and waybills). Ensure that traceability is maintained between specific trees and the final product or, at the minimum, that volumes indicated on harvest, trade and transport documents are sufficient to cover the product.

MARK AS DONE

Risk : Unauthorised harvesting is carried out, either outside of an area designated for logging purposes, or within a forest but by an entity other than the beneficiary